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Falkner Island
Falkner Island (also called Faulkner's Island) is a crescent-shaped island located in Long Island Sound 3 miles (5 km) off the coast of Guilford, Connecticut, United States. The island has been visited by the Native Americans for thousands of years. Its Quinnipiac name is "Massancummock", meaning "the place of the great fish hawks". In 1641, Henry Whitfield and the founders of Guilford purchased the island from the Mohegan tribe's sachem, Uncas, as part of a transaction for the land east of East River. Purchased by the Stone family in 1715, it remained in the family until it was sold to the government in 1801.
The Falkner Island Light was constructed in 1802 and commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson. The light is the second oldest in Connecticut and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The lighthouse was automated in 1978, and continues to operate as a navigational aid to the nearby Intracoastal Waterway. The island is part of the Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge and has the fifth-largest colony of nesting roseate terns in the northeastern United States. Much of the island's land mass has been lost to erosion, down to about from its original . The United States Army Corps of Engineers reinforced the eastern boundary to slow the advancing deterioration.
== Name origins ==
The first recorded name of the Falkner Island was coined by the Native Americans. The island name in Quinnipiac was "Massancummock" meaning "the place of the great fish hawks".〔〔 The Quinnipiac name did not refer to possession, but instead the usage or resources of the island.〔
The identity of the first European explorer is unknown, but it was likely the Dutch explorer Adrian Block who sailed through Long Island Sound around 1614.〔 The United States government credits Block as the discoverer. Early English settlers called it "Falcon Island", likely stemming from the native American name.〔 Helander writes that the island was probably named for the osprey, but the English translation to "Falcon" suggesting the presence of the peregrine falcon was one of "simple ignorance".〔 The island's name on Dutch maps was "Valcken Eylandt".〔 The name later evolved to Faulkner Island, perhaps as a result of the Faulkner family who lived on the island in the 1700s.〔 When the island was transferred to the U.S. government in 1801, the deed states the name as "Faulkners".〔 The U.S. Board on Geographic Names changed and established "Falkner Island" as its name in 1891.〔 However, the name change is not universally recognized and "popular usage" and the Faulkner's Light Brigade that conserves the island's lighthouse use "Faulkner"; including publications.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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